a2'deshalb' and 'trotzdem' — Connecting Main Clauses
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MOD 02Connecting Ideas — Subordinate Clauses·Lesson 5 of 5

'deshalb' and 'trotzdem' — Connecting Main Clauses

Unlike subordinating conjunctions, deshalb (therefore) and trotzdem (nevertheless) connect two main clauses with verb-second word order. Learn the structural difference and avoid a common word-order mistake.

Konjunktionaladverbien — Conjunctive Adverbs

'deshalb' (therefore) and 'trotzdem' (nevertheless) are NOT subordinating conjunctions. They connect two MAIN clauses, and the second clause keeps NORMAL word order (verb in second position).

'deshalb' — Therefore / That's Why

DeutschEnglish
Ich bin müde. Deshalb gehe ich schlafen.
I am tired. Therefore I'm going to sleep.
Es regnet. Deshalb bleibe ich zu Hause.
It is raining. Therefore I'm staying home.
Ich habe keine Zeit. Deshalb kann ich nicht kommen.
I have no time. Therefore I cannot come.
Er lernt fleißig. Deshalb macht er Fortschritte.
He studies diligently. Therefore he is making progress.
'deshalb' — Verb in Second Position!

'deshalb' is an ADVERB, not a subordinating conjunction

Pattern: Clause 1. Deshalb VERB SUBJECT rest.

The VERB comes immediately after 'deshalb' (position 2)

'deshalb' counts as position 1 → verb must be position 2

This is called ADVERBIAL CONNECTOR or KONJUNKTIONALADVERB

Formal (Sie)Informal (du)
'weil' (subordinating)
Ich gehe schlafen, weil ich müde bin.
Verb at END of weil-clause
'deshalb' (adverbial)
Ich bin müde. Deshalb gehe ich schlafen.
Verb in SECOND position after deshalb

'trotzdem' — Nevertheless / Despite That

DeutschEnglish
Es regnet. Trotzdem gehe ich raus.
It is raining. Nevertheless I'm going out.
Ich bin müde. Trotzdem arbeite ich weiter.
I am tired. Nevertheless I continue working.
Er ist krank. Trotzdem geht er zur Arbeit.
He is sick. Nevertheless he goes to work.
Das Essen ist teuer. Trotzdem kaufe ich es.
The food is expensive. Nevertheless I buy it.

'trotzdem' works exactly like 'deshalb': it's an adverb, so the verb comes in second position. The difference is meaning: 'deshalb' shows result/conclusion, 'trotzdem' shows contrast/surprise.

Vergleich — Comparison

Formal (Sie)Informal (du)
obwohl (subordinating)
Obwohl es regnet, gehe ich raus.
One sentence, subordinate clause
trotzdem (adverbial)
Es regnet. Trotzdem gehe ich raus.
Two sentences connected by adverb

'obwohl' and 'trotzdem' express the SAME contrast. 'obwohl' creates one complex sentence with a subordinate clause. 'trotzdem' connects two main clauses. Use whichever feels more natural!

Andere Konjunktionaladverbien — Other Connective Adverbs

DeutschEnglish
außerdem
besides, moreover
darum / daher
therefore (synonyms of deshalb)
jedoch
however
sonst
otherwise
dann
then
danach
after that

💡 All of these adverbs follow the same rule: Adverb + VERB + SUBJECT. This is one of the most common patterns in German — master it early!

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